Considerații iatro-istorice privind apariția și folosirea dezinfectantelor

Abstract

The desinfection is a process that has the final result the elimination and destruction of the germs and microorganisms from a specific surface or object. The desinfectants are antigerms substances that destroy all microorganisms from a object. The perfect desinfectant has to sterilize in the perfect way the material on which it has been spread, without damaging the infected body or the infected medium; it has to be cheap and non-corrosive. The second half of the XIX century was the period of the major discoveries in the microbiology area, when there were tried many chemical substances and physical phenomenons (like heat) in the destroying the microorganisms. These studies had lead to the discovery of the first desinfectant substances: quicksilver chloride, calcic chloride, alcohol and oils extracts from tar. In 1982 the antigerms proprieties of formaldehyde were well-known. Using this knowledge, the pharmaceutical doctor Hans Rosemann along with the chemist Dr. Alfred Stephan developed a better desinfectant than the previous ones, referring to efficiency, toxicity and even smell. Even the clinging effect was excellent. It was a mixed formula of liquid soap and formaldehyde. In the year 1900 the German Office for Intervention emitted a patent for this new desinfectant. First World War, the period between the war and the Second World War marked the development of the desinfectant substances. After the wars the behaviour of the population changed considerably because the using on a large scale of antibiotics. They stop fearing the infections and this thing caused a shinking of understanding the importance of the hygiene standards. Is important for the development of future medics, for theirs knowledge and practical skills, for the prophylactic organization and achievement, for the epidemic supervision of public health to know and apply the disinfection methods.