Physical Education reflected in Legislation and School Plans after 1821

Abstract

Beginning with the nineteenth century, physical education increasingly catches contour into the school curricula and implicitly in time legislation. Since 1821, the so-called "Plan zur Verbesserung des Schulwesens" (The school improvement plan), valid for all German schools in Transylvania and approved in 1823 by Evangelical Consistory, insisted on "education body through movement, especially outdoors”. If through the law from 1864 (art. 116), gymnastics enters the curriculum of secondary schools, from the year 1868 it will be a mandatory part of the curriculum process. Subsequent legislation (1879, 1883, 1893) will decisively contribute to improving the method and practice of this discipline. A special accent will be on physical and military exercises.