Developing a Valid and Standardized Tool for Measuring the Level of Romanians' Biases Related to Women's Fo

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to develop, validate, and standardize a questionnaire designed to measure the level of manifestation of the main biases regarding Romanian women's football. A mixed-methodology approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods, was employed to identify three preconceptions, which were subsequently transformed into the factors of the questionnaire. These factors were operationalized, and through a pretest phase, the goal was to achieve the best possible intrafactorial internal consistency (f1: α = .91; f2: α = .93; f3: α = .94). Finally, the degree of item comprehension was measured, and reliability was tested (t(12) = 0.63, p = .54).