The Contest for Oil/Resources in a Federal System: The Onshore-Offshore Dichotomy Case between the Federation of Nigeria versus Abia and the Littoral States

Abstract

Sub-national regional revolts and agitations over resource sharing have characterized the federation of Nigeria since its formation (1963). The representatives of the Niger Delta people demand to control resources (especially petroleum and natural gas found in their region) because of dissatisfaction with Nigeria’s federal government exploitation policy in the region. This article examines Nigeria’s Supreme (Apex) court ruling that all resources (including petroleum, natural gas, among other minerals on land) be owned by the federal government thereby entitling littoral states to compensation – an administrative amelioration distinct from resource ownership. Being contentious, the court ruling evokes further debate. Aspects of the issue are discussed.