Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov. Series IX: Sciences of Human Kinetics

Correspondence between the Written and Taught Curriculum in School Physical Education

Nicolae Bragarenco — 2025-06-16

This study analyzes, from an operational perspective, the way in which the school curriculum in the Physical Education discipline is implemented in practice, focusing on verifying the coherence between the official document (written curriculum) and the actual teaching process (taught curriculum). To carry out this investigation, teachers from all over the country were selected, with various teaching degrees and experience, who acted as monitors of the educational process. The main activity of the monitors consisted in the detailed analysis and evaluation of the curriculum in the physical education discipline of general education and its practical application, responding to a set of well-defined quantitative and qualitative indicators, this being considered curricular correspondence.

The Importance of Modern Non-Invasive Methods for Assessing Students’ Postural Deficiencies

A.-D. Braguta — 2025-06-16

Due to their daily habits, young people’s posture is a challenge. The aim of this observational study is to present Spinal Mouse device posture assessment in 20 students (average age 18,05 yrs, 20 boys) who exhibit variations in habits due to the use of electronic devices. A structured questionnaire highlights screen time as a key factor in technology-related spinal risk for spine diseases. The results show us that the main value in the region is around 0° and indicate that both vertebral bodies of a sector have practically not moved from one posture to the next. These methods used in prevention help to design correction programs, contributing to the improvement of young people's spinal health.

The Dynamics of Coordinative Abilities according to Age, Gender and School Performance at Secondary School Level

M. Chirazi — 2025-06-16

Motor quality skill (coordinative ability) is important in physical education in secondary school because it develops fundamental motor skills, improves coordination of movements, develops confidence in one's own abilities, supports the learning of complex sports, strengthens cognitive skills, promotes an active and healthy lifestyle, forms a positive social environment within physical activities, especially those in teams, which involve coordination and collaboration, encourages teamwork, mutual respect and communication, fundamental aspects in the development of interpersonal relationships and social skills of students. The present study represents transversal research on the level of development of coordinative capacities at the level of secondary school students. Such studies are multiple, but we believe that the influence of varied motor activities, access to different forms of movement determines a multilateral motor development of students. Also, reporting the results obtained on school performance could favor the orientation of schoolchildren towards the practice of sports activities. 6 approved tests were selected and a number of 156 schoolchildren were evaluated. The results obtained are very heterogeneous at the horizontal level, but an upward trend can be observed in the transverse plane.

Comparison of Explosive Force Assessment with Desmotec and Justjump in Adolescents

M.A. Coteata — 2025-06-16

We analyzed the comparison between two pieces of equipment that evaluates leg strength. 27 girls and 18 boys (15-19 years) from the N-E area of Romania performed vertical jumps after the squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ) and CMJ with arms swing (CMJ-AS) procedures. We used JustJump and Desmotec. There were found differences between the two devices among the values obtained from all three jumps for both boys (SJ=9.1 cm, CMJ=9.8 cm, CMJ-AS=11 cm) and girls (SJ=4.3 cm, CMJ=4.7 cm, CMJ-AS=5.5 cm). There weren't big differences between the evaluation of girls with Desmotec and boys with JustJump in all jumps. Desmotec generated considerably higher values compared to JustJump.

Handball-Specific Exercises for Developing Coordination in Primary School

A.D. Georgescu — 2025-06-16

This paper examines the impact of coordination skill development on motor performance. In physical education lessons, enhancing coordination improves the acquisition and stabilization of new motor skills and boosts the performance of previously learned acts. The study was conducted at "Nichifor Ludovic" Middle School in Niculițel, Tulcea County, during the 2022-2023 school year. Results show that students in the experimental class outperformed those in the control class. The conclusion emphasizes that coordination enables quick learning of new movements and adaptation to varying conditions.

Determining the Relationship of Combined Motor Skills: Speed – Strength – Agility in 11–12-Year-Old Students

A.N. Ionescu — 2025-06-16

The study investigates the relationship between speed, strength and agility in 11–12-year-old students using five motor tests: 50 m sprint, long jump, sit-ups, trunk extensions and an obstacle course. The research included 30 students (20 boys, 10 girls) from the "Marin Preda" Theoretical High School of Bucharest. The results indicate a high homogeneity in speed (CV = 6.35%) and agility (CV = 9.61%) tests but significant variability in strength and muscular endurance tests (CV = 29.13% for trunk lifts, CV = 37.55% for extensions). Sprint performance showed a strong negative correlation with trunk strength (R = -0.875 and R = -0.830, p < 0.001), revealing that stronger students achieved better running times. Agility, measured through the obstacle course test, was strongly negatively correlated with the long jump (R = -0.944, p < 0.001), suggesting a significant influence of lower limbs explosive strength on agility. The conclusions highlight the interdependence between speed, strength and agility, showing the importance of personalized training programs that support the balanced development of these motor skills meant to optimize students' physical performance.

The Opinion of the Physical Education and Sports Teachers on the Development of the Game of Handball in the Physical Education and Sports Lesson

Dan G. Mirsidan — 2025-06-16

The results of the data analysis from the questionnaire addressed to teaching staff indicate that the majority of teachers have an adequate degree of professional training to teach physical education and sports. Physical education and sports teachers emphasized that the development of basic and specific motor skills and abilities represents the most important formative effect of physical education and sports classes, with a weight of 94.7%. Also, 71.2% of the respondents mentioned that stimulating interest in the motor act and 61.4% indicated that stimulating interest in directly or indirectly watching sports events are important aspects in physical education and sports classes. Regarding the use of handball curriculum content, 87.9% of teachers use it, but only 13.1% use this content for more than 20 weeks in a school year. The involvement of students in the game of handball is generally of medium level (51.5%) or low (26.5%), indicating the need to motivate them more actively in carrying out sports activities. The willingness to participate with students in sports competitions specific to handball is shown (62.6%). Regarding the motor qualities developed by practicing the game of handball, the teachers highlighted that speed is developed (53.8%).

Supporting Working Students: Needs and Opportunities for Academic Intervention

D. Popova-Dobreva — 2025-06-16

This study aims to explore the need for and possibilities of developing a methodology to support students who work or face personal difficulties. A survey was conducted across Bulgarian universities, analyzing responses from 440 participants. Results: 37.7% of students do not work; 26.6% work in jobs related to their field of study. Most students believe that their educational institution does not have a structured framework to support working students. When asked about the necessity of such a framework, 90% responded with a categorical “Yes”. The study also evaluated the importance of specific academic interventions, such as additional study hours, consultations, flexible exam dates, and other supportive measures. Conclusion: The demands of modern socio-economic lifestyles increasingly require students to work while pursuing higher education. To maintain and enhance the quality of education, academic institutions should establish support mechanisms tailored to the needs of working students.

Study regarding the Observance of Ethical and Deontological Norms in the Physical Education Activities of the Students of “Transilvania” University of Brasov

S. Teris — 2025-06-16

The research aims to perform a questionnaire addressed to the students of the Transylvania University of Brasov, who participate in physical education activities in their faculties. The study aims to survey the students' opinions on the respect of ethical and academic rules during these activities. The 74 students surveyed answered several 15 items covering the main issues that occur in practice in direct relation to the specific activities in Physical Education classes. The questionnaire focused on the main issues related to the respect of professional ethics and deontology in the activities.

Obesity and Physiological Behavior in Second Cycle Children during Physical Activity

M. Valdes — 2025-06-16

With a distinctive feature of a quasi-experiment, the influence of body weight on physiological behaviour during physical activity was determined. The data were recorded for processing and analysis in spreadsheets of the Microsoft Excel program and STATGRAPHICS PLUS 5.1. The behaviour of the dependent variables during the quasi-experiment makes us conclude that the thermoregulatory possibilities, the values of oxygen consumption and the organic adaptation index have unfavourable behaviour for children outside the body weight considered normal weight.

Difficulties in Integration of Foreign Students in Higher Education of Physical Education and Sport in The Republic of Moldova

G. Volcu — 2025-06-16

The article presents some difficulties in the integration process of foreign students in higher education of physical education and sport in the Republic of Moldova. The integration of foreign students is a complex process, which requires a lot of attitude and involvement in activities on their part. A foreign student is integrated into society when comparable results are obtained with those of the members of the host society. We refer to the field of physical education and sport through obtaining knowledge and interaction with members of the educational institution, as well as identification with its values and principles. The migration of students between different states and regions for studies is an imminent feature of humanity at the current stage, contributing substantially to the exchange of experiences and the formation of personality. However, their integration represents a challenge for the host society, especially in the case of large migration flows. Following the research, we can conclude that the integration of foreign students is a process that takes a long time and requires efforts from both the host society and the foreigners, by optimizing their own efforts.

Ultrasonography Investigation of the Isoinertial Training Effects on Tight Muscles in Female Football Players

G.A. Chivaran — 2025-06-16

It is important to study muscular behavior after different types of sports training. Some studies using electromyography show that muscle activity during eccentric muscle activation is lower than during isometric or concentric contractions. The present study, using ultrasonography, assesses the effect of isoinertial training on the thigh muscles of 16 young female football players, in the acute-post-effort phase and evaluates the transverse and longitudinal dimensions of the thigh muscles. The results observed demonstrate the existence of an adaptability to effort, as a consequence of isoinertial training, more evident in the rectus femoris muscle.

Physiotherapy in Microcephalic Children with Psychomotor Delay

Silviu Gabriel Cioroiu — 2025-06-16

The purpose of this paper highlights the fact that movement therapy improves motor skills and balance, with kinetic exercises contributing to sensory and cognitive recovery in 6-year-old children. Following the interaction with patients and the problems they face, including social integration, but also following the bond that is created between physiotherapist and patient, the importance of physiotherapy classes and the beneficial effect they have on mobility, general coordination, fine and gross motor skills, but also on intellectual development is highlighted. Thus, microcephaly is not a condition that can be recovered or remedied.

The Foundation of Shaping a Social, Emotional and Civic Competence in Physical Education Subject for Preventing/Decreasing Violence in School

E.M. Cuceanu — 2025-06-16

Aggressiveness and violence in school are major social issues which occur more often in the present time. Physical Education in school can contribute essentially in the development of interpersonal relationships and to secondary school group cohesion, as key factors of preventing violence. The study highlights the fact that active engagement in sport activities, teamwork facilitates empathy, a fair play state of mind and conflict management. The introduction of a general competence in social, emotional and civic level can contribute in the decrease and disposal of aggressive conduct can determine the enhancement of mutual respect and the improvement of students’ social inclusion.

Characteristics of Adult Flatfoot

M. Geambesa — 2025-06-16

Flatfoot impact quality of life and posture. Using RSScan platform 42 FF subjects (mean age ± 58,05), showed significant contact area (CA) differences between left and right feet (Toe 1: 24%, metatarsal 5: 29%, midfoot: 9%). There is a progressive increase in the CA of both legs when comparing group 40-49 years vs group 70-80 years. In this study only CA on the right foot that shows a “decrease” is the Midfoot area (8%). At the level of the left foot, we find significant increases in the CA. With age, FFT exhibit increasing static foot deformation (especially in metatarsal 1-3, midfoot, heel) and CA changes.

Disparities in the Emotional Development of Middle School Students: The Role of Gender and Environment

P.C. Moisescu — 2025-06-16

This study analyses the emotional development of middle school students, differentiated by gender (735 girls and 593 boys) and environment (567 rural and 761 urban), using the test developed by Mihaela Roco. The results indicate that girls generally exhibit higher levels of emotional intelligence than boys, and students from urban areas score higher than those from rural areas. Additionally, emotional intelligence scores progressively decrease as students’ advance in age, highlighting the growing challenges of school transitions. Promoting emotional intelligence can thus help reduce educational disparities and improve school performance.

Physical Therapeutic Intervention Techniques in Improving Flat Back Syndrome in the School Environment

Florentina Nechita — 2025-06-16

The flat back symptoms are one of the most common degenerative spinal deformities among adults. This occurs due to incorrect posture over time in the school environment, as well as due to the unique lifestyle. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the important aspects related to flat back syndrome and the physiotherapy intervention methods in improving the quality of life in the school university environment. In this study, a case study with flat back syndrome was analyzed in which the role of improving the quality of life by improving the health status of the subject was highlighted.

The Relation Settled between Paravertebral and Whole Body Balance through Therapeutic Exercise in Chronic Low Back Pain Patient

D. Piele — 2025-06-16

Considering the low back pain’s complexity, its assessment and diagnosis can become difficult. Not a lot of studies have correlated the whole-body balance of the patient diagnosed with LBP with the functional balance of the paravertebral muscles. Materials and Methods: The research aims to assess lumbar muscle behavior and plantar pressure in accordance to a specific therapeutical protocol followed for 12 months by 20 subjects diagnosed with chronic lumbar pain. Assessment of patients diagnosed with LBP will involve the paravertebral muscles using surface electromyography (sEMG). The baropodometric analysis of the subjects offers information regarding the whole-body balance and was carried out using the RSscan pressure platform. Results were based on the impact of the proposed and applied kinetic program regarding rebalancing and load redistribution at the plantar level as well as a general redistribution of the body weight, at the anterior-posterior and left/right level. After 12 months a good left/right rebalancing is observed. As well results of the left/right muscle symmetry resulting from the EMG-measurements have been analyzed. After 12 months EMG recordings show a symmetrical ratio with a favorable evolution. Conclusion a well-structured therapeutical protocol can induce both paravertebral and whole-body balance.

Hippotherapy as an Alternative Rehabilitation Method in Children with Postural Balance Disorders

S. Savitchi — 2025-06-16

Using the movement of a horse, hippotherapy is a type of treatment meant to enhance the motor and psychosocial capabilities of children with infantile cerebral palsy (ICP). This approach is predicated on the idea that the horse's movement reflects the human gait pattern, so fostering motor skills development and central nervous system stimulation. The research's goal was to develop and evaluate the efficacy of hippotherapy as an alternative rehabilitation technique for children with cerebral palsy (CP), specifically in addressing postural balance difficulties. Research subjects: four youngsters (one girl and three boys) spanning four to six years were diagnosed with different forms of cerebral palsy. Finally, the study validates that in children with cerebral palsy, a customized rehabilitation program integrating hippotherapy, physiotherapy, and occupational therapy greatly enhances postural balance, mobility, and motor performance. Key words: Using the movement of a horse, hippotherapy is a type of treatment meant to enhance the motor and psychosocial capabilities of children with infantile cerebral palsy (ICP). This approach is predicated on the idea that the horse's movement reflects the human gait pattern, so fostering motor skills development and central nervous system stimulation. The research's goal was to develop and evaluate the efficacy of hippotherapy as an alternative rehabilitation technique for children with cerebral palsy (CP), specifically in addressing postural balance difficulties. Research subjects: four youngsters (one girl and three boys) spanning four to six years were diagnosed with different forms of cerebral palsy. Finally, the study validates that in children with cerebral palsy, a customized rehabilitation program integrating hippotherapy, physiotherapy, and occupational therapy greatly enhances postural balance, mobility, and motor performance. Key words: Using the movement of a horse, hippotherapy is a type of treatment meant to enhance the motor and psychosocial capabilities of children with infantile cerebral palsy (ICP). This approach is predicated on the idea that the horse's movement reflects the human gait pattern, so fostering motor skills development and central nervous system stimulation. The research's goal was to develop and evaluate the efficacy of hippotherapy as an alternative rehabilitation technique for children with cerebral palsy (CP), specifically in addressing postural balance difficulties. Research subjects: four youngsters (one girl and three boys) spanning four to six years were diagnosed with different forms of cerebral palsy. Finally, the study validates that in children with cerebral palsy, a customized rehabilitation program integrating hippotherapy, physiotherapy, and occupational therapy greatly enhances postural balance, mobility, and motor performance.

Comparison between Isoinertial Training and Classical Training in Junior Athletes: Analysis of Hip Extension Test Results

A.M. Albina — 2025-06-16

This study compared the performance effects of isoinertial and traditional resistance training in junior athletes (U16), with a focus on hip extension test outcomes. The Exxentric kBox 4 Pro device and kMeter application were used to accurately monitor exercise execution and collect performance data. Twelve athletes (8 males, 4 females, aged 14.5±0.7 years) participated in hip extension assessments. Results indicated a significant increase in Mean Strength (N), from 171.75 (SD=65.08) to 259.75 (SD=86.07). A paired t-test showed a significant difference (d=1.44), suggesting the training intervention effectively enhanced strength in junior athletes, supporting its potential for youth athletic development.

Ways to Carry out Training in the Game of Basketball at the U12 Category

I.A. Badea — 2025-06-16

The purpose of this research is to provide a theoretical and practical framework based on the literature for the investigation, identification and application of specific interventions for the implementation of basketball training in the U12 category. The optimization of the specific training process for the players of the U12 category involves the development and observance of a sports training program within which the physical, technical and tactical exercises specific to this category are well defined, classified according to the motor qualities with which each player is endowed and which he can develop, the skills and motor skills acquired up to this level reaching the rank of performance. The training in the game of basketball in the U12 category must be correlated with the complex, bio-psycho-social changes of the players, which take place within human development, which implies an extensive and complex program of physical exercises able to contribute to the development of the capacities and abilities of the basketball player. Analysis of the results of the control tests carried out during the training process showed an improvement in the level of specific and technical-tactical physical training at this level.

Relationship between Balanced Nutrition and Sports Performance in Swimmers

I. Bardan — 2025-06-16

The study investigates the relationship between balanced nutrition and sports performance in swimmers, analyzing the impact of nutritional intake on physical development, exercise capacity, and post-training recovery. Methodology: 50 swimmers aged 8 to 14 were assessed by a questionnaire applied to parents, targeting the frequency of meals, intake of macronutrients and micronutrients, hydration, and use of supplements. The results emphasize the importance of a diet adapted to the metabolic requirements of swimmers, highlighting the need for personalized nutritional diaries to optimize sports performance and prevent dysfunctions associated with intense effort.

Analysis of the Relationship of Bipedal Dynamic Balance Indices in Performance “Sambo” Athletes

Gheorghe Cristian Bodirlau — 2025-06-16

The study examines the relationship between dynamic balance and postural deviations in performance Sambo athletes. The research involved 13 athletes aged 14-17, trained at the “Steaua” Army Sports Club. The evaluation was conducted using the Sensamove miniboard, with a bipedal test lasting 20 seconds and a maximum tilting of 10.00 degrees. Results show better vertical balance performance (85.38%) compared to lateral balance (78.31%). The coefficient of variation indicates greater homogeneity in lateral balance (8.59%) than in vertical balance (12.25%). Postural deviations are more pronounced in the front and back, with higher values for EDV (Front Inside = 45.23%, Back Inside = 40.07%). Correlations highlight a significant association between lateral balance and lateral deviations (R = 0.510). The t-test does not show significant differences (p > 0.05), with a trend towards significance for lateral deviations (p = 0.075). Conclusions emphasize the need for specific interventions to improve lateral balance and reduce postural deviations.

Body Aesthetics and the Artistic Component in Rhythmic Gymnastics: The Impact of a Specific Training Program

R.M. Ciorasteanu — 2025-06-16

This study explores the impact of a specific artistic training program on body aesthetics and the artistic score in rhythmic gymnastics. The research was conducted over a 12-month period, involving 8 gymnasts aged between 9 and 10 years. The training program integrated exercises from ballet, dance, and theatre, focusing on the development of body expressiveness, movement fluidity, and postural control. The results of the paired samples t-test indicated a significant improvement in the artistic scores (t = -2.902, p = 0.023) and the difficulty scores (t = -5.725, p = 0.001) following the implementation of the program. However, the analysis of Pearson correlations (r = -0.028, p = 0.947 and r = 0.136, p = 0.748) and Spearman correlations (ρ = -0.012, p = 0.977 and ρ = 0.287, p = 0.490) did not reveal any statistically significant relationship between the artistic and difficulty scores. This lack of significance may be attributed to the small sample size and variability in judging during competitions. In conclusion, although the correlation between the two components was not statistically confirmed, both contribute to enhancing the competitive performance of the gymnasts. The results highlight the importance of an integrated training approach, where artistic development plays a crucial role in maximizing competitive outcomes.

Assessment of Motor Skill Proficiency in 10–12-Year-Old Romanian “Kempo” Practitioners

A.V. Lupu — 2025-06-16

This research aimed to identify the level of motor skill proficiency in 10–12 - year-old Kempo practitioners at the national level, operationalized by investigating explosive strength and execution speed, which are essential components of Kempo performance. The subjects of this observational study were 100 Kempo practitioners aged 10-12 years. Participants were recruited from various Kempo clubs across Romania, ensuring national representation of young athletes involved in this martial art. To achieve the research objective, a battery of tests and trials specifically selected to assess motor skills relevant to Kempo performance was utilized. These assessed agility, balance, coordination, explosive power, and speed. The results showed that, while the young Kempo practitioners demonstrated adequate levels of agility, balance, and coordination, their explosive strength and execution speed were deficient. The model of specific physical training for Kempo practitioners at this age needs to be adjusted by rethinking the specific training means designed to improve these fundamental skills. Further research aims to explore the effectiveness of various training strategies to optimize these skills and ultimately enhance the performance of young Kempo practitioners.

Use of the Specific Means of Rugby in the Formation of Applied Skills

Raducu Popescu — 2025-06-16

One thing is for sure: the level of development of applicative utility qualities is increasingly low. With these intergenerational differences, they are no longer nuanced; they are alarmingly different, and the causes are related to ever-evolving technologies. The values presented were collected in an experiment with 50 subjects aged 12 years. The results indicate that the probability of the Levene test with respect to variance equality is less than p=0.05, i.e. p=0.00, we will consider the second line of the table, i.e. t=-5.36. t is significant on p ˂0.01, hence there are significant differences between the two groups. The training and improvement of the skills and driving skills required, especially in sports activities, but also in productive life and technical activity, were improved by using the means of rugby play.

Pedagogical Practice in the Discipline of Physical Education and Sports in High Schools with a Pedagogical Profile

C. Romila — 2025-06-16

The discipline of Physical Education and Sports has remained a subject taught by teachers, although in many educational units, there are teachers with a specialization in Physical Education and Sports who teach in primary education classes. We mention that in kindergartens, only educators teach the field of Physical Development, Health, and Personal Hygiene. We consider teaching Physical Education and Sports among preschoolers and young schoolchildren to be a very important subject; therefore, it is necessary to provide students with the necessary knowledge to succeed. In this paper, we have set out to explain the way pedagogical practice in the discipline of Physical Education and Sports can be carried out efficiently, and we will present the students' opinion regarding the teaching of Physical Education and Sports lessons within pedagogical practice through an opinion poll.

Comparative Analysis of the Cardiovascular System in Adult Men and Women through Participation in Spinning Classes

Adelina Scheuleac — 2025-06-16

The aim of this study was to compare the functions of the cardiovascular system (heart rate, blood pressure, cardiorespiratory capacity, etc.) in adult men and women following participation in spinning classes. The participants were divided into two adult age groups, men and women, and were monitored before and after an 8-week spinning training program. The hypothesis of the study was that men and women would exhibit different cardiovascular system responses to moderate-intensity exercise, considering physiological sex differences. The methodology included monitoring heart rate, blood pressure, and other cardiorespiratory parameters during each spinning session at Wender Gym in Suceava. Additionally, we utilized physical tests to assess improvements in the participants' cardiorespiratory capacity. The study's objectives were to analyze changes in cardiovascular functions following spinning exercises and to observe differences between men and women in terms of recovery and adaptation to training. The study results indicated significant differences in how the cardiovascular system of men and women responds to spinning exercises, particularly concerning heart rate recovery and blood pressure changes.

Analysis of Effects of Specific Football Training on the Development of Motor Skills in Juniors Aged 12-13 Years Old

D. Stoica — 2025-06-16

This research, which was conducted over a competitive year, aims to evaluate the effects of football practice and the training methods on developing motor skills in juniors aged 12-13 years old. By using modern methods and tools for motor skill development, the study analyses the progress achieved through specific training tailored to modern football. The research involved an experimental group and a control group, each consisting of 22 juniors. Throughout the educational process, the experimental group had 20-30 minutes focused on motor skill development at the beginning or end of each training session, depending on the targeted motor skill. This program aimed to facilitate the specific development of each motor skill individually. Final tests demonstrated that the experimental implementation of a motor skill development methodology for 12-13-year-old juniors resulted in significant changes in the motor skill indicators of the experimental group across all tested exercises.

Postural Balance in Female Soccer Players: Does Playing Position Impact Performance?

E.-A. Trandafirescu — 2025-06-16

This cross-sectional observational study assesses balance and proprioception in 49 female soccer players using Sensbalance Miniboard. Static and dynamic balance (lateral, vertical) and proprioception were evaluated. Descriptive results suggest positional variations: midfielders show balanced static and lateral dynamic stability with low proprioception, forwards stable balance with notable lateral deviations, defenders low static balance with moderate dynamic control and proprioception, and goalkeepers superior balance with high proprioceptive performance. However, the ANOVA findings indicate no statistically significant effect of playing position on balance (p > 0.05). In practical, real-world contexts, these findings highlight the importance of implementing position-specific training strategies to improve stability, reduce injury risk, and enhance overall performance.

The Role of Body Movement in Phase I of Ski Jump in Achieving Performance

Wilhelm Robert Grosz — 2025-05-24

The ski jumping specific complexity is under the influence of factors that can determine, in various positive or negative ways, the athletes’ motor skills, such as the action of external or internal forces and mental peculiarities. Most specialists consider the second phase of the jump (take-off) as the most important one. Recent studies show the special importance of the first phase (start and inrun) in obtaining the accuracy of the other jump phases and, therefore, in sports performance. It is known that physical development induces changes in proprioception as well as in other motor abilities. Permanent control of the body mass index, with a direct influence on the correct distribution of the centre of mass in the first phase, is essential for the other three phases of the jump. Consequently, monitoring and identification of possible negative influences induced by physical development on technique are of particular importance. The research subjects were six athletes aged 13-14. The research activity took place during June-September 2022, on the HS 71m Râșnov hill. The results highlight the importance of body movement in phase I of the jump, related to the subjects’ individual characteristics, aiming for a correct distribution of CoM on the track.

Coordination Aspects in The Handstand Jump in Men’s Artistic Gymnastics

E. Popescu — 2025-06-16

Coordinative capacity in men's artistic gymnastics is an essential factor in performing all elements and element structures across all six apparatuses. In vaulting, coordination is fundamentally important due to the short duration in which the effort takes place in this event. Besides the physical factor, specialists emphasize that execution aspects such as rhythm, coordination, and spatial orientation play a crucial role in vault performance. This research involves the analysis of a group of gymnasts based on coordination tests that contribute to improving technique in the vault event in men's artistic gymnastics.